Share this story

FOX NEWS

A federal judge has blocked the deportation of an

E NEWS

Watch: Cindy Crawford’s son Presley Gerber dead at 27

SPORTS ILLUSTRATED

The offseason is rapidly approaching, and the New York

Wastewater Surveillance to Track Resurgent Measles Outbreak, Ontario, Canada, 2025

D’Aoust  PM, Hegazy  N, Ramsay  NT, Yang  MI, Dhiyebi  HA, Edwards  E, et al. WSI Consortium. SARS-CoV-2 viral titer measurements in Ontario, Canada wastewaters throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Data. 2024;11:656. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Kirby  AE, Welsh  RM, Marsh  ZA, Yu  AT, Vugia  DJ, Boehm  AB, et al.; New York City Department of Environmental Protection. Notes from the field: early evidence of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant in community wastewater—United States, November–December 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71:103–5. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Martin  MA, VanInsberghe  D, Koelle  K. Insights from SARS-CoV-2 sequences. Science. 2021;371:466–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

du Plessis  L, McCrone  JT, Zarebski  AE, Hill  V, Ruis  C, Gutierrez  B, et al.; COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium. Establishment and lineage dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the UK. Science. 2021;371:708–12. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Ahmed  W, Bivins  A, Stephens  M, Metcalfe  S, Smith  WJM, Sirikanchana  K, et al. Occurrence of multiple respiratory viruses in wastewater in Queensland, Australia: potential for community disease surveillance. Sci Total Environ. 2023;864:161023. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Hellmér  M, Paxéus  N, Magnius  L, Enache  L, Arnholm  B, Johansson  A, et al. Detection of pathogenic viruses in sewage provided early warnings of hepatitis A virus and norovirus outbreaks. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014;80:6771–81. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Adams  C, Kirby  AE, Bias  M, Riser  A, Wong  KK, Mercante  JW, et al. Detecting mpox cases through wastewater surveillance—United States, August 2022–May 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024;73:37–43. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Louis  S, Mark-Carew  M, Biggerstaff  M, Yoder  J, Boehm  AB, Wolfe  MK, et al. Wastewater surveillance for influenza A virus and H5 subtype concurrent with the highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus outbreak in cattle and poultry and associated human cases—United States, May 12–July 13, 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024;73:804–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Mejia  EM, Hizon  NA, Dueck  CE, Lidder  R, Daigle  J, Wonitowy  Q, et al. Detection of mpox virus in wastewater provides forewarning of clinical cases in Canadian cities. Sci Total Environ. 2024;933:173108. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Kaur  G, Danovaro-Holliday  MC, Mwinnyaa  G, Gacic-Dobo  M, Francis  L, Grevendonk  J, et al. Routine vaccination coverage—worldwide, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023;72:1155–61. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Delgado  C. Measles: millions of children missed routine vaccination last year, WHO and CDC warn. BMJ. 2024;387:q2541. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Public Health Agency of Canada. Measles and rubella weekly monitoring report (2025). 2026 [cited 2026 May 22]. https://health-infobase.canada.ca

Webster  P. Canada’s loss of measles-free status highlights public health gaps. Lancet. 2025;406:2407–8. DOIGoogle Scholar

King  A, Varughese  P, De Serres  G, Tipples  GA, Waters  J; Working Group on Measles Elimination. Measles elimination in Canada. J Infect Dis. 2004;189(Suppl 1):S236–42. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Osman  S, Crowcroft  N, McLachlan  E, Hatchette  T, Perez-Iratxeta  C, Joh  E, et al. Population immunity to measles in Canada using Canadian Health Measures survey data—a Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) study. Vaccine. 2022;40:3228–35. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Public Health Ontario. Measles in Ontario: enhanced epidemiological summaries. Toronto: Public Health Ontario; 2025 Nov [cited 2025 Dec 8]. https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Diseases-and-Conditions/Infectious-Diseases/Vaccine-Preventable-Diseases/Measles/EPI

Mathis  AD, Raines  K, Filardo  TD, Wiley  N, Leung  J, Rota  PA, et al. Measles update—United States, January 1–April 17, 2025. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2025;74:232–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Taylor  L. Canada sees surge in measles as cases rise across North America. BMJ. 2025;390:r1653. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Gan  C, Pitton  M, de Korne-Elenbaas  J, Cobuccio  L, Cassini  A, Ort  C, et al. Retrospective wastewater tracking of measles outbreak in western Switzerland in winter 2024. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2025;12:689–94. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Chen  W, Bibby  K. Temporal, spatial, and methodological considerations in evaluating the viability of measles wastewater surveillance. Sci Total Environ. 2025;959:178141. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Sundaram  ME, Guterman  LB, Omer  SB. The true cost of measles outbreaks during the postelimination era. JAMA. 2019;321:1155–6.PubMedGoogle Scholar

Kuppalli  K, Perl  TM. Measles in Texas: waning vaccination and a stark warning for public health. Lancet Infect Dis. 2025;25:485–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Rector  A, Bloemen  M, Hoorelbeke  B, Van Ranst  M, Wollants  E. Detection of measles virus genotype D8 in wastewater of the Brussels capital region, Belgium. J Med Virol. 2025;97:e70251. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Tomalty  E, Mercier  É, Pisharody  L, Nguyen  T, Tian  X, Kabir  MP, et al. Detection of measles virus genotype A in a non-endemic wastewater setting: insights from measles wastewater and environmental monitoring in Canada’s capital region. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2025;12:124–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Plymesser  K, Wu  J, West  RM, Stadler  LB. Measles wild-type virus detection through wastewater surveillance in Sandoval County, New Mexico. JAMA Netw Open. 2026;9:e2611124. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Jensen  GM, Gidfar  C, Weisbeck  K, Barnes  M, Minnerath  E, Matzinger  S, et al. Notes from the field: wastewater surveillance for measles virus during a measles outbreak—Colorado, August 2025. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2026;75:20–2. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Wu  J, Wang  MX, Kalvapalle  P, Nute  M, Treangen  TJ, Ensor  K, et al. Multiplexed detection, partitioning, and persistence of wild-type and vaccine strains of measles, mumps, and rubella viruses in wastewater. Environ Sci Technol. 2024;58:21930–41. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Corchis-Scott  R, Geng  Q, Al Riahi  AM, Labak  A, Podadera  A, Ng  KKS, et al. Actionable wastewater surveillance: application to a university residence hall during the transition between Delta and Omicron resurgences of COVID-19. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1139423. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Peterson  SW, Lidder  R, Daigle  J, Wonitowy  Q, Dueck  C, Nagasawa  A, et al. RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 mutations S 69-70 del, S N501Y and N D3L associated with variants of concern in Canadian wastewater samples. Sci Total Environ. 2022;810:151283. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Pabbaraju  K, Gill  K, Wong  AA, Tipples  GA, Hiebert  J, Severini  A, et al. Simultaneous detection and differentiation between wild-type and vaccine measles viruses by a multiplex real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2019;57:e01828–18. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Ontario Ministry of Health. Appendix 1: case definitions and disease-specific information—disease: measles. Toronto: The Ministry; 2022. p. 1–13 [cited 2026 May 11]. https://www.ontario.ca/files/2024-03/moh-measles-appendix-en-2024-03-19.pdf

Verlicchi  P, Galletti  A, Petrovic  M, Barceló  D. Hospital effluents as a source of emerging pollutants: an overview of micropollutants and sustainable treatment options. J Hydrol (Amst). 2010;389:416–28. DOIGoogle Scholar

Sibley  LM, Weiner  JP. An evaluation of access to health care services along the rural-urban continuum in Canada. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11:20. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

D’Aoust  PM, Graber  TE, Mercier  E, Montpetit  D, Alexandrov  I, Neault  N, et al. Catching a resurgence: increase in SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA identified in wastewater 48 h before COVID-19 clinical tests and 96 h before hospitalizations. Sci Total Environ. 2021;770:145319. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Hill  DT, Alazawi  MA, Moran  EJ, Bennett  LJ, Bradley  I, Collins  MB, et al. Wastewater surveillance provides 10-days forecasting of COVID-19 hospitalizations superior to cases and test positivity: A prediction study. Infect Dis Model. 2023;8:1138–50. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Olesen  SW, Imakaev  M, Duvallet  C. Making waves: defining the lead time of wastewater-based epidemiology for COVID-19. Water Res. 2021;202:117433. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Mercier  E, D’Aoust  PM, Thakali  O, Hegazy  N, Jia  JJ, Zhang  Z, et al. Municipal and neighbourhood level wastewater surveillance and subtyping of an influenza virus outbreak. Sci Rep. 2022;12:15777. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Mercier  E, Pisharody  L, Guy  F, Wan  S, Hegazy  N, D’Aoust  PM, et al. Wastewater-based surveillance identifies start to the pediatric respiratory syncytial virus season in two cities in Ontario, Canada. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1261165. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Williams  RC, Perry  WB, Lambert-Slosarska  K, Futcher  B, Pellett  C, Richardson-O’Neill  I, et al. Examining the stability of viral RNA and DNA in wastewater: effects of storage time, temperature, and freeze-thaw cycles. Water Res. 2024;259:121879. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Rota  PA, Khan  AS, Durigon  E, Yuran  T, Villamarzo  YS, Bellini  WJ. Detection of measles virus RNA in urine specimens from vaccine recipients. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33:2485–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Washam  MC, Leber  AL, Oyeniran  SJ, Everhart  K, Wang  H. Shedding of measles vaccine RNA in children after receiving measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination. J Clin Virol. 2024;173:105696. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Newcomer  SR, Michels  SY, Albers  AN, Freeman  RE, Clarke  CL, Glanz  JM, et al. Early childhood vaccination coverage and patterns by rural–urban commuting area. Am J Prev Med. 2025;68:773–83. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Olusanya  OA, Masters  NB, Zhang  F, Sugerman  DE, Carter  RJ, Weiss  D, et al. Sociodemographic trends and correlation between parental hesitancy towards pediatric COVID-19 vaccines and routine childhood immunizations in the United States: 2021–2022 National Immunization Survey—child COVID module. Vaccines (Basel). 2024;12:495. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Bankamp  B, Sein  C, Pukuta Simbu  E, Anderson  R, Abernathy  E, Chen  MH, et al. Use of FTA cards to transport throat swabs and oral fluid samples for molecular detection and genotyping of measles and rubella viruses. J Clin Microbiol. 2019;57:e00048–19. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Lin  WHW, Kouyos  RD, Adams  RJ, Grenfell  BT, Griffin  DE. Prolonged persistence of measles virus RNA is characteristic of primary infection dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:14989–94. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Michel  Y, Saloum  K, Tournier  C, Quinet  B, Lassel  L, Pérignon  A, et al. Rapid molecular diagnosis of measles virus infection in an epidemic setting. J Med Virol. 2013;85:723–30. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Takao  S, Shigemoto  N, Shimazu  Y, Tanizawa  Y, Fukuda  S, Matsuo  T. Detection of exanthematic viruses using a TaqMan real-time PCR assay panel in patients with clinically diagnosed or suspected measles. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2012;65:444–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Kurata  T, Yamamoto  SP, Nishimura  H, Yumisashi  T, Motomura  K, Kinoshita  M. A measles outbreak in Kansai International Airport, Japan, 2016: analysis of the quantitative difference and infectivity of measles virus between patients who are immunologically naive versus those with secondary vaccine failure. J Med Virol. 2021;93:3446–54. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Woudenberg  T, Woonink  F, Kerkhof  J, Cox  K, Ruijs  WLM, van Binnendijk  R, et al. The tip of the iceberg: incompleteness of measles reporting during a large outbreak in the Netherlands in 2013–2014. Epidemiol Infect. 2018;147:e23. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

 

THE BLAZE

Widespread child exploitation has been going on for years

NINTENDO LIFE

In the land of Mordor, where the Switch games

NASA NEWS

6 min read NASA-Funded Research Finds Complex Life Defying