Coleman KK, Bemis IG. Avian influenza virus infections in felines: a systematic review of two decades of literature. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2025;12:ofaf261. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
Peacock TP, Moncla L, Dudas G, VanInsberghe D, Sukhova K, Lloyd-Smith JO, et al. The global H5N1 influenza panzootic in mammals. Nature. 2025;637:304–13. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
US Department of Agriculture. Detections of highly pathogenic avian influenza in mammals. 2026 Jun 26 [cited 2026 Apr 24]. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/avian-influenza/hpai-detections/mammals
Burrough ER, Magstadt DR, Petersen B, Timmermans SJ, Gauger PC, Zhang J, et al. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in domestic dairy cattle and cats, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024;30:1335–43. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
Caserta LC, Frye EA, Butt SL, Laverack M, Nooruzzaman M, Covaleda LM, et al. Spillover of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus to dairy cattle. Nature. 2024;634:669–76. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
Mainenti M, Siepker C, Magstadt DR, Gauger P, Baum D, Petersen B, et al. Distribution of lesions and detection of influenza A(H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, in ante- and postmortem samples from naturally infected domestic cats on U.S. dairy farms. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2025;37:27–35. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
Naraharisetti R, Weinberg M, Stoddard B, Stobierski MG, Dodd KA, Wineland N, et al. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection of indoor domestic cats within dairy industry worker households—Michigan, May 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2025;74:61–5. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
Frye EA, Nooruzzaman M, Cronk B, Laverack M, de Oliveira PSB, Caserta LC, et al. Isolation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus from cat urine after raw milk ingestion, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2025;31:1636–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
Kang YM, Heo GB, An SH, Lee H, Park E, Cha RM, et al. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in cats, South Korea, 2023. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024;30:2510–20. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
Wang H, Wu X, Cheng Y, An Y, Ning Z. Tissue distribution of human and avian type sialic acid influenza virus receptors in domestic cat. Acta Vet Hung. 2013;61:537–46.PubMedGoogle Scholar
Lee CT, Slavinski S, Schiff C, Merlino M, Daskalakis D, Liu D, et al. Influenza A(H7N2) Response Team. Outbreak of influenza A(H7N2) among cats in an animal shelter with cat-to-human transmission—New York City, 2016. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65:1927–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
Poirot E, Levine MZ, Russell K, Stewart RJ, Pompey JM, Chiu S, et al. Detection of avian influenza A(H7N2) virus infection among animal shelter workers using a novel serological approach—New York City, 2016–2017. J Infect Dis. 2019;219:1688–96. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
Vaughan A, Joyce A, Traub E, Jae M, Beeler E, Paiva E, et al. Serologic evidence of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in a veterinary professional exposed to an infected domestic cat—Los Angeles County, California, December 2024–January 2025. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2026;75:215–20. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
Chothe SK, Srinivas S, Misra S, Nallipogu NC, Gilbride E, LaBella L, et al. Marked neurotropism and potential adaptation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4.b virus in naturally infected domestic cats. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2025;14:2440498. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
Gray GC, Warren CJ, Webby RJ, Bowman AS. Why we must vaccinate US dairy cattle against HPAI H5N1. J Infect Dis. 2026;•••:jiag183. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar






